Medical Practices of the Civil War - 1349 Words

Medical Practices of the Civil War The medical practices used during the Civil War era were not very advanced and took a big toll on the war itself. Many of the soldiers, both Union and Confederate, returned home with missing body parts, were shell shocked, or were psychologically traumatized. These medical practices during this time did not do much to help the lives of the soldiers other than doing the bare minimum to keep them alive, which in many cases, resulted in infection and disease. All of this consequented in the soldiers being affected both mentally and physically, as well as the lives of a tremendous amount of men were ruined. Many of the field surgeons during the Civil War had little experience and knowledge.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Though the primary amputation is a violence, it is one the patient is likely to submit to without resignation, knowing that it is performed to remove parts, which if removed, will destroy life† (Bleeding Blue and Gray 219). These soldiers most likely faced their deaths in this psychological state. Another way in which soldiers had been traumatized was in the anticipation of surgery. Many of these soldiers could not stand the images of others undergoing surgery before them, knowing that they would be next to go. A lot of men were driven mad by these images that were so easily burned into their minds for life. Surgery was also very unsanitary during this time. As a Civil War prospective, â€Å"in the Civil War, weapons technology overtook medical technology† (The Americans 355). Often tools had been used repeatedly with little cleansing. â€Å"As the effects of bacteria were not yet known, surgeons never sterilized instruments, making infection one of the soldiers’ worst enemies† (The Americans 355). A seen, this kind of negligence allowed for increased probability of infection taking over the bodies of many of the patients. This would be due to the little time that field surgeons had in between each procedure. This may be seen in Brave Men in Desperate Times by John McKay, as it states â€Å"Those needing surgical intervention were rapidly moved to the operating theater, where the more experienced surgeons would quickly applyShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Medical Field Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesHow Ideas in the Developing Medical Field Shaped our Methods Today The world of medicine is a diverse and complex field. From treatments to diagnostics to technologies, medicine has a broad span of information. It had taken a tremendous amount of time for medicine to evolve. Medicine has gone through many hardships, difficulties, and obstacles in aiding civilizations throughout the years to become the developed practice we know today. Medicine in the ancient civilization is home to many of theRead MoreAdvancements in Med-Care since the Civil War Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Civil War often gets credit for ending slavery and reshaping the federal government in this country. But the war between the states has another, often overlooked legacy: It may have started a new era in modern medicine† (â€Å"Civil War Medicine Quotes†). Contamination of medical equipment, poor sanitation methods, and lack of efficient medical procedures all led to the spread of disease, which resulted in death. However, modern medicine has significantly improved from the Civil War, due to itsRead MoreEssay about Civil War Medicine1201 Words   |  5 Pages During the Civil War, they had to have many medicines, operations, and surgeries done to themselves or others in order to survive (Jenny Goellnitz, Paragraph 1). Some of these medicines we still use today. Medical technology and scientific knowledge have changed dr amatically since the Civil War, but the basic principles of military health care remain the same. The deadliest thing that faced the Civil War soldier was disease. For every soldier who died in battle, two died from disease. The soldiersRead MoreEssay about The Development of Nursing Along American History1537 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica much of what we considered modern medicine had not even been thought of yet. In the 18th century nursing was not a profession yet. In America most people were not able to reach a trained medical doctor they relied on the help of the woman of the house. So during the colonial time most of the actual medical care provided was based in the home of the patient. Most of what these women knew was either taught to them by their mothers or by a â€Å"guidebook†. In these guidebooks women were able to findRead MoreWomen As Skilled Nurses By Sarah Palmer1485 Words   |  6 Pagesfemale volunteers generally obtained no compensation. Still other females and most men, who were characterized as medically skilled nurses, had their obligations appointed to them in a higher manner because of how close they lived to a battlefield or medical healing hospital. As army skilled nur se, Sarah Palmer, wrote in The Story of Aunt Becky’s Army-Life, â€Å"I think it was well that no one ever held a bond over me strong enough to restrain me from performing my plain duty, fulfilling the promise whichRead MoreNew Technology During The Civil War Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesCivil War Paper A few years ago I was curious and did a free name search on Ancestery.com , and what I found was that hundreds of people with the Ellison last name served on both sides in the Civil War. In honor of this interesting fact I would like to explore this time period in American history to see how my ancestors lived. In this paper I am going to primarily put my focus on the people of this war , and what technology used during this period of dramatic change in american history. Read MoreCorneas in the Congo: Case Study872 Words   |  4 Pagesof giving them enough corneas and adequate protection they need by figuring out how to eliminate the peculiar parasite in the water. Aside from that, incoming refugees would be possible knowing that civil war is happening at the moment so we also need to accommodate them by assuring a lot of medical supplies available. It is also our responsibility to maintain a cooperative relationship among other non-governmental organizations like C.A.R.E., Doctors Without Borders, and the Christian Children’sRead MoreThe Beatitudes Of The Bible762 Words   |  4 Pagesfor medical missionary field work. Large Christian organization as Samaritan’s Purses, Oversea Missionary Fellowship (OMF) and Mà ©decins Sans Frontià ¨res (MSF), known internationally in English as Doctors without Borders, continue to practice and assist worldwide with high ethics and compassion based on the teachings and principles in the Bible. Early History of Advanced Nurse Practitioners In 1860s, Catherine Lawrence and other nurses provided anesthesia for soldiers wounded during the Civil WarRead MoreNursing Now And The Civil War1516 Words   |  7 PagesNursing now and in the Civil War Where do you think the nursing profession came from? There were so many important voices and changes since the Civil War that had a major influence towards the nursing profession. Some things are the same but at the same time many things are different. For example, in the Civil War, if a soldier had a hurt leg or arm the doctors would just amputate it right away. Today doctors do many exams before they do something that serious. Since the Civil War, nursing has changedRead MoreThe American Civil War : Censorship And The Passage Of Time1603 Words   |  7 Pages The American Civil War has captured the popular imagination of the world for more than a hundred and fifty years. Academic scholars and neophyte history buffs alike have published thousands of books on the subject, adding to a growing canon of Civil War literature and knowledge. Little attention is paid, however, to the intimate personal lives and sexual intimacies of the people who lived during that crucial period in A merican history. Historians pay even less attention to those figures who existed

Critical Evaluation Of Writing A Literature Review

Introduction The English oxford dictionary defined research skills as the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. However, developing research skills is a process that takes hard work and determination, as a result student finds it very difficult to attain the required level needed for a good researcher. This critical reflection is based on my research skills. The action which was embark on to measure the development of my research skills was handling of data gathered for my different course works and analysing them for critical literature review writing. Analysis of skills developed: Research in a simplistic form refers to a quest for information. It can also be defined as a â€Å"scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation† (Kothari, 2004).Research skills help a researcher to gather data which can be transformed into findings and become knowledge. All most every course work I have written have a literature section. Writing a literature review requires strong analytical skills, thus information gathered needs to be through manage and present and a concise but meaningful way for a good literature review. Application of skills developed The development of the above mentioned research skill guided my every course work and through it, a successful and analytical data gathering and subsequent academic goodShow MoreRelatedEssay about Critical Thinking: Evaluation1572 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Evaluation of an Academic Source Odetta Rodriguez Capella University Critical Evaluation of an Academic Source This paper is a summary of critical evaluation of the suitability of an article as an academic source. The title of the article is Critical Thinking: An Extended Definition. The author, Professor Ken Petress, analyzes various definitions of critical thinking and provides his definition of the concept as well. It is vitallyRead MoreRole of Literature in Research1513 Words   |  7 Pages[pic]DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT THE ROLE OF LITERATURE REVIEW IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS A TERM PAPER PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE COURSE RESEARCH METHODS BY SIAW-ASAMOAH JOYCELYN Literature simply is a body of written works. It is what has been written to be investigated, thus an existing body of written works or knowledge on a chosen topic or problem area. The name is often applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the intentions ofRead Moreliterature review1550 Words   |  7 PagesWriting a Literature Review A literature review†¦ †¢ Provides an overview and a critical evaluation of a body of literature relating to a research topic or a research problem. †¢ Analyzes a body of literature in order to classify it by themes or categories, rather than simply discussing individual works one after another. †¢ Presents the research and ideas of the field rather than each individual work or author by itself. A literature review often forms part of a larger researchRead MoreEvaluation Of The Enquiry Methods, Tools And Processes Used By Carrying Out The Tasks For The Managing People1438 Words   |  6 Pagesoutline all the major issues which have been highlighted by the student in producing assignments for the module. It will serve as a piece of work which can be used in the future to identify strengths and weaknesses, and guidance in writing future assignments. Evaluation of the research, methods, tools and processes used â€Å"It is important to ensure that you are in a position to write the report before you start.†(Forsyth,P. How to write Reports and Proposals p.43) Completion of the Managing PeopleRead MoreThe Project Is Fine Tuning Work Done From Previous Course Work?1215 Words   |  5 Pagesproject. Literature Review: The literature review is a significant section of the capstone project. This section requires significant work and research. It is important to recognize that the literature review is not a book report, or an abstract of literature that was read for the project (Maryville University, 2012). Rather, the literature review is designed to illuminate the reader on the types of literature that were considered for the writing of the project. Also, the review should captureRead MoreJournaling Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The intent of this evaluation of Langer’s (2002) article is to find the schemes he employed to acquire knowledge on how adult’s student respond to demand computer class, reflect critically, in summation, the contrast between non-traditional and traditional students about the use of deviations journals in the field. The focal point of the study casts light on the strength and weaknesses portrayed in his report on the use of journaling among traditional and non-conventual students (LangerRead MoreNarrative Literature Reviews1589 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative literature reviews Introduction n A literature review is a comprehensive study and interpretation of the work that has been published on a particular topic n A literature review should convey the knowledge and ideas that have been established on a topic and their strengths and limitations Why undertake a literature review? n To provide a review of the current knowledge in a particular field n Provide a description of research studies n Identify gaps in current knowledge n Identify emergingRead MoreQualitative Study1396 Words   |  6 PagesQualitative Study Evaluation Edwina Williams u5a1 Capella University Fall November 2011: Address (optional): City, State, Zip (optional): Phone (optional): E-mail: Instructor: Vickie Claflin Qualitative Study Evaluation Evaluation of the Title The title of this research study is: The internet and student research: teaching critical evaluation skills. I believe that this title is suitable for the research study because it is an overview of theRead MoreCritical Examination of Brooks The Formalist Critics1015 Words   |  5 Pagesits end, and seems to complain that his that his writings have been largely misunderstood. What his statements have to do with faith in connection with literature is up to the reader, since in one of his articles he specifically mentions, â€Å"literature is not a surrogate for religion† (Brooks 19). He seems to contradict himself on purpose and keep his central thesis hard to reach. In evaluating some of his â€Å"faith articles†, the reader can have a critical examination of his critique of his formalist criticismRead MoreImportance And Characteristics Of Literature Reviews1615 Words   |  7 PagesImportance and Characteristics of Literature Reviews A literature review examines existing research that is important to the work that you want to do. Literature reviews provide important background information and details about a specific research topic. Providing background information can help to demonstrate the importance of a topic, and can help to establish understanding of a subject or issue. An effective literature review also provides a space to elaborate on future work to be done on a

Sylvia Plath †“Daddy” Essay Sample free essay sample

Sylvia Plath used poesy as a kind of confessional katharsis whereby she allowed all of her emotions and feelings to be expressed and hopefully to be released from her scruples. In making this her audience benefited from honest ideas about all kinds of topics in her life. The verse form â€Å"Daddy† identifies her relationship with her male parent every bit good as the Nazi/Jew relationship. and a farther probe demonstrates a connexion between the two images. The verse form begins with her speech production of a toe and her comparing of herself to her father’s toe. It appears that her male parent had lost a toe. which first became grey and finally fell away. The line: â€Å"Ghastly statue with one grey toe† demonstrates how her male parent was a strong figure had one toe that was about falling off. ( 9 ) In this subdivision of the verse form. Plath is depicting her male parent. We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia Plath – â€Å"Daddy† Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She so proceeds to depict herself as a Jew being taken away by Germans to assorted concentration cantonments. For case. the subdivision saying â€Å"Chuffing me off like a Jew. / A Jew to Dachau. Auschwitz. Belsen. / I began to speak like a Jew. / I think I may good be a Jew. † describes how she is like a Jew to her male parent. ( 32-35 ) She so begins to propose that she has some itinerant heritage. but may still be a Jew every bit good. She eventually relates her feelings about her male parent in the ulterior phases of the verse form. She tells the audience that she had ever feared her male parent who is supposedly German. Plath is purportedly of Judaic lineage. so this creates some struggle in the verse form. Plath continues to associate to the audience that her male parent had died when she was 10 old ages old and that she attempted self-destruction to be with him when she was 20 old ages old but failed at the effort. Plath ends the poem speech production of how her male parent was more like a lamia and that she has staked him in the bosom and he is finished everlastingly. A reader could take the verse form literally and recognize what Plath is seeking to show. First. she is comparing her male parent to a Nazi ( who may hold really been a Nazi ) . Plath is comparing herself to a Jew. The two groups. the Nazis and the Jews. played of import functions in WWII. The Nazis were the tormentors. and the Jews were the persecuted. Plath is noticing on her father’s deficiency of compassion and attention for her. For case. the lines: â€Å"Every adult female adores a Fascist. / The boot in the face. the beast / Brute bosom of a beast like you. † suggest that her male parent was like the Nazi fascists of WWII. ( 48-50 ) They were beasts and tormenters of the Judaic people. She is proposing that her male parent was a tormenter of her. and continues to torture her even after his decease. After her male parent dies she demonstrates how every adult female adores a Fascist by trying to be with her male parent. despite all of the inhuman treatment she expe rienced when he was alive. This demonstrates how Plath is conflicted throughout most of the verse form when discoursing her father’s influence on her life. However. towards the terminal of the verse form she begins to to the full turn to her positions on what she truly thinks of her male parent. She compares him to a beast and how he has a Meinkampf expression. She so goes on to compare him to a lamia who really sucks out her life-force like all lamias mythically do. This thought of her male parent as a lamia and as a Nazi demonstrates two of import facets of her version of his personality. First. the Nazi demonstrates her male parent as the tormenter and Plath as the Judaic victim. Second. the lamia demonstrates her male parent as a animal that continues to stalk her and run out her after his decease. Basically her male parent will go on to run out her unless she puts an terminal to him as a lamia. Towards the terminal of the verse form she stakes her male parent and proclaims â€Å"Daddy. dada. you b astard. I’m through. † ( 80 ) This line signifies the closing that Plath feels with her male parent. and how her get the better ofing his actions is illustrated by her symbolic staking of her father’s bosom. The full verse form is a psychotherapeutic roller-coaster that ends with eventually being free of her father’s negative influences. Plants Cited Annas. Pamela J.A Perturbation in Mirrors: The Poetry of Sylvia Plath. New York: Greenwood Press. 1988.

Mughal Empire Essays - Descendants Of Genghis Khan, Mughal Emperors

Mughal Empire Mughal Empire The greatest flourishing of northern Indian culture, art, and imperial strength undoubtedly took place during the reign of the Mughal monarchs of the 16th and 17th centuries. The Mughals were Central Asian descendents of the great Mongol warriors Ghengis Khan and Timur. The Mughals seized power and held on to it by using various methods. The system of government used by the Mughals was also efficent in helping the Mughals to hold on to their power. But the Mughals didn't flourish too long, after the new ruler Auranzeb took control. The Mughal's gained power and were able to hold on to it by Akbar's expert use of diplomacy. Akbar added new territory to the Mughal empire. Along with new territory came diverse ethnicity and problems. To prevent problems Akbar secured the allegiance of the diverse populations within his empire. At the height of his political power, Akbar ended the taxes on non-Muslims and permitted Hindus to build new temples, creating religious tolerance. He also secured Hindu support by negotiating peace treaties. The system of government used by the Mughals was very effcient in holding on to their power. Akbar divided his empire into provinces and districts, giving local governors salaries instead of land grants. This way if the officials were dependent on the central government for income, they would probably not rebel. Akbar set up an efficient tax collecting system and made an effort to ensure that it was applied fairly. Later years however, when Akabar's son and grandson ruled they increased taxes to support military campaigns. However, the Mughals decline set stage rapidly when Auranzeb took leadership. Religious intolerance was at it's height during Auranzeb's rule. His policy caused tension between Hindus and Muslims. Hindu rulers challenged Auranzeb, he reacted by reinstating a tax on non-muslims and destroying many Hindu temples. There was constant warfare which weakened the empire. Along with constant warfare, corruption grew. The treasury was being drained by corrupt officials. The empire had no money to support a strong military, so they required heavy taxes. Which increased problems with peasants. He tried to cut non-military expenses by dismissing artists, architects, and historians. By doing this the growth of the Mughal culture stopped. Many Indian states withdrew their support or declared their independence. Auranzeb died in 1707 leaving his decendants to rule a weakend empire.

The required Freedom and Democracy in Afghanistan

Introduction In the recent years, President George Bush of America once had a freedom agenda for the non-democratic nations. The President’s vow was to stand on the same ground with non-democratic countries like Afghanistan, Iraq, Ukraine, Syria, and Pakistan in search of freedom and democracy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The required Freedom and Democracy in Afghanistan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nonetheless, it is true that social equality and free will emanates in a number of ways. In this perspective, Afghanistan as a nation ought to get support in order to relish equal experiences enjoyed by democratic states. This paper therefore takes a look at the democracy and freedom required in Afghanistan. Besides, it highlights personal outlook on whether the merited democracy is appropriate for the Afghan government. Main Body The Islamic republic of Afghanistan has continually experienced repeated violence and hatred over the past decades. However, there is still hope of peace and benedictions of freedom and democracy in the country. In the same way the American President gave hope to the countries similar to Afghanistan. In fact, there are several aspects of freedom that could make any country to enjoy its democracy. Initially, Afghanistan deserves the rights to ballot, freedom of elections, sovereignty of assembly and communication, as well as admittance to the rule of law and fairness. Moreover, the country deserves imprisonment, custodial, and death penalty reforms, equal rights for women, and civilians’ fortification (Barry and Greene 5). The republic deserves liberty of religious conviction, human rights watch, marginalized and children’s rights, along with protection from conflict. All these aspects freedom encourages democracy and enable Afghanistan to enjoy the experiences being enjoyed by the democratic federations. The government of Afghanistan deserv es to promote and encourage the minorities’ rights as provided for in the constitution. The freedom encourages democracy and maintains the universal human rights requirements. Correspondingly, the government should safeguard the infants from armed skirmishes. Through the support from non-governmental organizations, Afghanistan has to initiate programs to protect and promote the rights of toddlers besides addressing the ferocity against ladies. The government deserves to deliver elementary healthcare and heavily spend on the kids’ education through the funding from ARTF (Afghan Reconstruction Trust Fund). The self-rule is in consequence appropriate for ensuring that the country has brighter democracy that could last for generations to come in the future (Barry and Greene 25).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Afghanistan on the other hand deserves freedom of religious conv iction. In monitoring the religious faith, Afghanistan must closely engage the intercontinental associates. The democracy increases once every administration stands by the accountability of commitment and respects both international and national bodies in reverence to the liberty of worship (Barfield 21). As preserved in the Afghan constitution, the government ought to subsidize its democratic policies. The suitable democracy afterwards stimulates the religious understanding and tolerance in facing radicalization of the Islamic and Christian compatibility. Recently, thousands of deaths were reported in Afghanistan. As a result, there is need for protection of civilians by the national security. A good numbers of sufferers that arise from assassinations by the radical and fierce factions (Al-Qaeda) are females and the infants. The government should welcome the ISAF (International Security Assistance Force) by taking the strict steps in safeguarding the lives of inhabitants. The civil ian protection against conflict is an appropriate measure as the Afghan government finds it substantial when installing operative security. The operative security safeguards the indigenous populace. Defense encourages the changeover progression that transpires when Afghan National Security Forces instigate the leading role in national security concerns (Bastian and Luckman 34). The constitution of Afghanistan provides for equal rights to both women and men. However, a lot has to be done to ensure these rights are brought into being. The government should put more energy to advance the superior admittance of women into the primary needs.  The rising involvement of women in partisan and public life as well as monetary groups must be encouraged (Larson 51). The equity is suitable since it caters for the women commitments besides upholding their societal position hence development. In order to push for further democracy, it is wise to improve the political activities, projects, and lo bbying in sanctioning women to improve their livelihoods. Likewise, engaging women in political programs help in improving their talents and knowledge thereby becoming the democratic Afghan leaders in the future. In order for Afghanistan to acquire compliance and filled expressions of human rights in the global criteria, the government should perform interior custodial reforms.  The state must endorse improvements and authorize foreign bodies to look after the prisoners. Essentially, welcoming the United States intensive care packages and applied trainings is significant.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The required Freedom and Democracy in Afghanistan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reforms raise the spirit and compliance of human rights with the universal standards owing to the technical apparatus that moderates the threat of exploitation. These programs encompass custody officers’ drilling, rest riction training, and training on the mechanism of human rights grievances aligned with supervision of jail. Reform is suitable for Afghanistan institution since it minimizes over-dependency and mistrust of guilt declaration during trials. Similarly, the forces in Afghanistan ought to initiate the models of handling maltreatment of inmates (Larson 56). The influential and lawful reform provisions carries on with investment in training of human rights of detainees in order to encourage open democracy. According to Barry and Greene assertions, Afghanistan as a non-democratic nation deserves to fully abolish the capital punishment such as death sentence (p.26). Indeed, the Afghan administration has to re-familiarize itself with a freeze in the nations bid of culminating death penalty. For hope of freedom in Afghanistan, the government must overthrow the philosophy of death penalty. It is clear that America government that supports the Afghan democracy is at all costs opposed to the dea th punishment. The social equality is suitable given that every individual is entitled to the right of living (Bastian and Luckman 44). The democratic space in Afghanistan deserves access to the rule of law and justice. The Afghan government should work comprehensively to develop the system of justice through improving the capability of putting the inhabitants who are liable for grave offences on trial. The tasks of observing the office of the Afghan Attorney while prosecuting and investigating the offences encompass the task force build on the capacity of Criminal Justice. A proper democratic nation requires training and engagement of all the fresh police forces to the human rights watch. In Afghanistan, the United States tries to upkeep the Policing Mission in order to reinforce the capacity of the Inspector General (Barfield 25). The sovereignty helps to preclude, inspect, and impeach unlawful activities inside the Afghan national police and the Interior ministry. Access to justi ce and the rule of law is appropriate for the Afghan government in the wake of embracing democracy. The liberty of rule of law and justice helps in maintenance and strengthening of governance while developing access to democracy.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, democracy transpires due to the availability of trained legal experts who can take care of the unlawful processes, legal principles, unbiased hearings, and legitimate assistance during trials. In general, the democracy ensures law application to help in unprejudiced governance and combat of corruption (Barfield 31). The freedom of assembly and expression is an important democratic aspect in whichever nation. The Afghan journalists and media houses presently face excessive constraints and threats. Therefore, the legislature and constitution are duty-bound to protect the doctrines of free media and speech. The ministry of Culture and Information must issue fresh media bills and engage the human rights and civil societies. The autonomy tends to prompt the anxiety regarding the influence of providing liberty of association and expression. It is advisable for Afghanistan adopt the norm of freedom of expression and assembly in order to embrace democracy. Consultation with the in dependent organizations when drafting the media bill reduces the chances of compromise of freedom of expression and assembly by the government. Right to speech is thus appropriate for Afghanistan since it helps the republic in controlling the social order through overcoming communication encounters. Further, democracy inspires the growth of responsible and open Afghan organizations (Bastian and Luckman 49). The admin of Afghanistan deserves to develop responsible, open, and resilient organizations such as the parliament so as to promote good governance.   The obligation of the Afghan government on electoral reforms would enable clear, comprehensive, and trustworthy elections in the near future. In regards to the components of the constitution, the anti-corruption pronouncement is appropriate to ensure freedom of elections in Afghanistan. In fact, the sincerity and magnitude of democratic restructuring in the Afghan regime should be encouraged amongst the civil societies and politi cal parties by the legislative body. Albeit the passage may seem challenging, the draft legislation on the electoral reforms deserves to be verified and approved by the legislature (Larson 27). Conversely, the Afghan IEC (Independent Election Commission) ought to fulfill the promises on the planned elections to augment democracy. Elections would enable the minority, women, and the other Afghan marginalized groups to fully take part in the electoral process. With the aid of states such as the US and UK, Afghanistan should enjoy democracy akin to any other democratic nation. The support ensures backup and distribution of the ballot through the gender unit of IEC. Hence, improved superiority of Afghan IEC feminine staff and marginalized factions amplifies through the upgraded voter edification. For that reason, freedom of election suitable given that the funds for Afghan Fair and Free Elections foundation ensures the progress and involvement of parties and voters in electoral processes (Larson 36). Conclusion The sequence of democracy and freedom in Afghanistan necessitates intensified struggle with hopelessness. The philosophy of hatred must be dealt with promptly for Afghanistan to enjoy and disperse the faith of embracing democracy. For several decades, Afghanistan has thrived to embrace freedom and democracy but to no avail. In recent times, the institutionalization of the President’s Freedom Agenda has acted as guiding principle to the Afghan’s future democracy. The categorized practices and strategies are suitable for national promotion of freedom and democracy. However, a number of challenges may face both Afghanistan and its aiders in ensuring democracy and freedom. Works Cited Barfield, Thomas. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History, Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2010. Print. Barry, Charles and S. Greene. What Democracy for Afghanistan? An Analysis Utilizing Established Norms and Five Non-Western Cases, Washin gton, D.C.: National Defense University, 2009. Print. Bastian, Sunil and R. Luckman. Can Democracy be Designed? The Politics of Institutional Choice in Conflict-torn Societies, London and New York: Zed Books, 2003. Print. Larson, Anna. Deconstructing Democracy in Afghanistan, York University, Afghanistan: Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, 2011. Print. This essay on The required Freedom and Democracy in Afghanistan was written and submitted by user Haleigh Mendoza to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Zebra Facts

Zebra Facts Zebras (Equus spp), with their familiar horse-like physique and their distinct black and white striping pattern, are among the most recognizable of all mammals. They are native to both the plains and mountains of Africa; mountain zebras climb over 6,000 feet high. Fast Facts: Zebras Scientific Name: Equus quagga or E. burchellii; E. zebra, E. grevyiCommon Names: Plains or Burchells Zebra; Mountain Zebra; Grevys ZebraBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: Grevys and plains, 8.9 feet; mountain, 7.7 feet  Ã‚  Weight: Plains and Grevys zebra, about 850–880 pounds; mountain zebra, 620 poundsLifespan: 10–11 yearsDiet:  HerbivorePopulation: Plains: 150,000–250,000; Grevys: 2,680; mountain: 35,000Habitat: Once widespread in Africa, now in separate populationsConservation Status: Endangered (Grevys zebra), Vulnerable (mountain zebra), Near Threatened (plains zebra) Description Zebras are members of the genus Equus, which also includes asses and horses. There are three species of zebra: Plains or Burchells zebra (Equus quagga or E. burchellii), Grevys zebra (Equus grevyi), and mountain zebra (Equus zebra). Anatomical differences between the zebra species are fairly sparse: In general, the mountain zebra is smaller and has evolutionary differences associated with living in the mountains. Mountain zebras have hard, pointed hooves that are well-suited for negotiating the slopes and they have conspicuous dewlaps- a loose fold of skin underneath the chin seen often in cattle- which the plains and Grevys zebras do not. Various species of asses, including the African wild ass (Equus asinus), have some stripes (for instance, Equus asinus has stripes on the lower portion of its legs). Zebras are nonetheless the most distinctively striped of the equids. Westend61/Getty Images Species Each species of zebra has a unique stripe pattern on its coat which provides researchers with an easy method for identifying individuals. Grevys zebras have a thick black hairy strip on their rump that extends towards their tail and a broader neck than the other species of zebras and a white belly. Plains zebras often have shadow stripes (stripes of a lighter color that occur between the darker stripes). Like Grevys zebras, some plains zebras have a white belly. Zebras can cross breed with other members of equus: A plains zebra crossed with a donkey is known as a zebdonk, zonkey, zebrass, and zorse. The plains or Burchells zebra has several subspecies: Grants zebra (Equus quagga boehmi) and Chapmans zebra (Equus quagga antiquorum). And the now-extinct quagga, once thought to be a separate species, is now considered a subspecies of the plains zebra (Equus quagga quagga). Habitat and Distribution Most zebra species live in arid and semi-arid plains and savannas of Africa: Plains and Grevys zebras have different regions but overlap during migrations. Mountain zebras, however, live in the rugged mountains of South Africa and Namibia.  Mountain zebras are skilled climbers, inhabiting mountain slopes up to elevations of 6,500 feet above sea level. All zebras are extremely mobile, and individuals have been recorded to move distances of greater than 50 miles.  Plains zebras make the longest known terrestrial wildlife migration, a whopping 300 miles between the Chobe River floodplains in Namibia and the Nxai Pan National Park in Botswana. Diet and Behavior Regardless of their habitats, zebras are all grazers, bulk, roughage feeders that need to consume large daily quantities of grasses. They are also all full migrant species, migrating seasonally or year-round depending on seasonal vegetation changes and habitat. They often follow long grasses that grow after the rains, altering their migration patterns to avoid adverse conditions or find new resources. Mountain and plains zebras live in family groups or harems, typically consisting of one stallion, several mares, and their juvenile offspring. Non-breeding groups of bachelors and occasional fillies also exist. During parts of the year, the harems and bachelor groups join together and move as herds, the timing and direction of which are determined by seasonal vegetation changes in habitat.   Breeding males will defend their resource territories (water and food) that range between one and 7.5 square miles; the home range size of non-territorial zebras can be as large as 3,800 square miles. Male plains zebras ward off predators by kicking or biting them and have been known to kill hyenas with a single kick. Robert Muckley / Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring Female zebras sexually mature at the age of three and give birth to between two and six offspring over their lifetimes. Gestation periods are between 12 and 13 months, depending on species, and the average female gives birth about once every two years. Male fertility is far more variable.   Reproductive pairing is played out differently for different species. While plains and mountain zebras practice the harem strategy described above, Grevys zebra females do not join males in harems. Instead, they form loose and transitory associations with many other females and males, and females of different reproductive states group themselves into sets that use different habitats. Males do not ally with the females; they simply establish territories around water.   Despite their stable long-term harem structure, plains zebras often coalesce into herds, forming multi-male or uni-male groups, providing polygamous opportunities for males and polyandrous opportunities for females.  Ã‚   Diana Robinson Photography/Getty Images   Conservation Status The Grevys zebra is listed by the IUCN as Endangered; the mountain zebra as Vulnerable; and the plains zebra as Near Threatened.  Zebras once roamed all habitats in Africa, with the exceptions of rain forests, deserts, and dunes. Threats for all of them include habitat loss resulting from drought associated with climate change and farming, continuing political upheaval, and hunting. Sources About zebras. Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, 2018.Gosling, L.M., et al. Equus zebra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species e.T7960A45171906, 2019.Hoekstra, Jon. Big Discoveries Still Happen – Zebras Make Africa’s Longest-Known Terrestrial Wildlife Migration. World Wildlife Fund, May 27, 2014.King, S.R.B. and P.D. Moehlman. Equus quagga. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species e.T41013A45172424, 2016.Rubenstein, D. et al. Equus grevyi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species e.T7950A89624491, 2016  Walker, Martha. Equus zebra: mountain zebra. Animal Diversity Web, 2005.

Volkswagen and Mercedes Benz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Volkswagen and Mercedes Benz - Essay Example For the third quarter the company posted net profit of â‚ ¬7.146 billion which is three times higher than the profit figure in the same quarter of the last year. The astounding company results are attributed to its investment in new products, manufacturing operations in the emerging markets like China. The company plans to invest heavily in developing markets simultaneously consolidating its position in developed regions such as Europe and Americas. (IHS global 2011) The following table represents year wise consolidated income statement of the company. Figures in Millions of Euros Items Dec 31, 2007 Dec 31, 2008 Dec 31, 2009 Dec 31, 2010 Total Revenues 108,897.0 113,808.0 105,187.0 126,875.0 Cost of Goods Sold 83,593.0 87,862.0 81,899.0 94,050.0 Gross Profit 16,399.0 16,250.0 12,733.0 20,742.0 Operating Expenses, Total 10,142.0 11,431.0 12,648.0 13,868.0 Operating Income 6,257.0 4,819.0 85.0 6,874.0 Net Interest Expense 413.0 344.0 -781.0 -626.0 EBT, Excluding Unusual Items 7,665. 0 6,688.0 863.0 7,956.0 Income Tax Expense 2,421.0 1,920.0 349.0 1,767.0 Net Income 4,120.0 4,753.0 960.0 6,835.0 Source: http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=VOW:GR Balance Sheet of Volkswagen Figures in Millions of Euros Assets Dec 31, 2007 Dec 31, 2008 Dec 31, 2009 Dec 31, 2010 Total Cash And Short Term Investments 15,638.0 11,394.0 21,890.0 22,794.0 Total Receivables 8,902.0 11,372.0 10,871.0 12,811.0 Total Current Assets 68,516.0 76,163.0 77,776.0 85,936.0 Plant And Equipment 25,689.0 30,030.0 31,745.0 34,550.0 Total Assets 145,357.0 167,919.0 177,178.0 199,393.0 Figures in Millions of Euros Liabilities Dec 31, 2007 Dec 31, 2008 Dec 31, 2009 Dec 31, 2010 Accounts Payable 8,202.0 9,085.0 9,734.0 11,628.0 Other Current Liabilities, Total 14,620.0 15,330.0 14,911.0 17,043.0 Total Current Liabilities 56,068.0 64,802.0 69,534.0 76,899.0 Long-Term Debt 3,645.0 2,240.0 9,272.0 8,989.0 Pension & Other Post-Retirement Benefits 12,481.0 12,82 9.0 13,793.0 15,265.0 Deferred Tax Liability Non-Current 2,637.0 3,654.0 2,224.0 1,669.0 Other Non-Current Liabilities 12,775.0 15,863.0 17,061.0 19,522.0 Total Liabilities 113,419.0 130,531.0 139,748.0 150,681.0 Total Common Equity 31,875.0 35,011.0 35,281.0 45,978.0 Total Liabilities & Equity 145,357.0 167,919.0 177,178.0 199,393.0 Source: http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=VOW:GR&dataset=balanceSheet&period=A¤cy=native Cash Flow Statement (Figures in Millions of Euros) Details Dec 31, 2007 Dec 31, 2008 Dec 31, 2009 Dec 31, 2010 Net Income 4,120.0 4,753.0 960.0 6,835.0 Depreciation & Amortization, Total 6,427.0 6,738.0 4,900.0 5,058.0 Cash From Operations 15,662.0 2,702.0 12,741.0 11,455.0 Cash From Investing -15,812.0 -11,183.0 -9,675.0 -11,048.0 Total Debt Issued 9,609.0 17,477.0 16,998.0 7,910.0 Total Debt Repaid -8,524.0 -8,485.0 -10,225.0 -12,069.0 Total Dividend Paid -497.0 -720.0 -779.0 -755.0 Cash From Financing 787.0 8 ,123.0 5,536.0 -852.0 Net Change in Cash 547.0 -471.0 8,792.0 -8.0 Source: http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=VOW:GR&dataset=cashFlow&period=A¤cy=native Financial Analysis It will be interesting to analyze the company’s financials from stakeholder’s point of view as the company’s progress in last few years has been exemplary and how the stakeholders can see the Key